Adaptive Element Free Galerkin Method Applied to Analysis of Earthquake Induced Liquefaction

A numerical m ethod i s presented t o a nalyze t he sei smic res ponse of l iquefiable s oil. The m ethod i s base d on t he element free Galerkin method, and the fission procedure belonging to h-refinement indicated by the error estimator, a posteriori er ror est imate procedure depending on energy norm of st ress and t he T-Belytschko (TB) stress recovery scheme, is incorporated into the method. The effective cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model is used to describe the non-linear be havior of sat urated soi l. The go verning eq uations are es tablished by u -p f ormulation. The m ethod proposed ca n effectively a void t he volumetric l ocking due t o l arge deformation w hich i s usually occu rred i n numerical computations using finite elem ent method. Efficacy of the m ethod is demonstrated in the a nalysis for the embankment under earthquake loading. Application of the adaptive element free method to the nonlinear analysis of saturated soil, including liquefaction process, is a valuable step in the numerical analysis of earthquake engineering.